Democracy in America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 551 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Democracy Essay Did you like this example? In today’s world, there are three types of democracy: majoritarian, pluralist, and elitist. Throughout our country’s history including today, the American people discuss and debate the type of democracy America adheres to and what type of government we should be using. In majoritarian democracy, the law or solution that the majority of citizens want is the taken course of action. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Democracy in America" essay for you Create order In pluralistic democracy, different lobbies or interest groups look to influence political decisions. In elitist democracy, power is secretly held by a select group of powerful groups or individuals. None of these systems are impervious to a breakdown of the system’s function. Majoritarian and pluralist democracies share the goal of a fair government for the American person. Still, these two systems function very differently. Majoritarian systems gain power from the most popular opinion. This can lead to issues relating to treatment of minorities, especially when the minority decision or opinion is held by almost half of people. Pluralistic democracies can run into similar issues because of the nature of lobbying. According to the Center for Responsive Politics, the year of our last presidential election had $3.16 billion dollars in lobby spending. Groups that cannot raise enough money or a sizable campaign have a significantly slimmer chance of having their voices heard. This especially comes into play when foreign countries are involved. The Center for Responsive Politics also reported that foreign countries spent over $650 million dollars in American political lobbies. Majoritarian and pluralist models also respond to social change at different rates. Pluralistic democracy allows for well-funded groups to organize large public protests such as the Womens’ March or Black Lives Matter marches. In majoritarian democracy, more grassroots activism seen on social media can more rapidly allow for change. This happened recently, with National Voter Registration Day yielding 800,000 voter registration after the widespread galvanization of the American people for issues such as climate change, womens’ rights, and immigration. Majoritarian and pluralist models start to adopt elitist tendencies when the country strays from its ideals. When political bodies start searching for monetary gain, pluralistic systems evolve into elitist governments where the richest or most powerful people or organizations, even those affiliated with foreign bodies, can be the primary shapers of American politics. This is seen when President Trump’s campaign was shown to have significant assistance from Russian officials. Still, as long as there is a sizable, active movement for political transparency or justice, steps can be taken to limit the scope of this kind of elite. In majoritarian systems, a political elite can be established when citizens become complicit and don’t vote. This allows incumbent politicians to remain in office either officially or unofficially and have almost uncontested power. This is seen today with the American people’s distaste for their representatives or president. This can be combatted with increased accessibility and stronger public desire to vote. Elitist systems operate in a way that can be compared to pluralistic democracy, but does not operate with the same goal as either type of democracy. An elitist system is a dysfunctional democracy. A â€Å"majority† in an elitist democracy is a stronger financial or political hold on whoever is making or enforcing the law. Unlike either of the other two systems, an elitist system oppresses the majority of a country’s citizens.

Charles Dickens s A Christmas Carol - 1923 Words

English author Charles Dickens has written many well known novels such as Oliver Twist and A Christmas Carol, of which both have a recurring theme: the expectations of society. During the Victorian Era, England was over populated and had terrible living conditions, with an enormous gap between the rich and the poor. Generally, people during the Victorian Era were not allowed to talk about things such as sex and crime, and had to live by strict social rules set by society. With the social disparities came many other concerns as well. Charles Dickens eloquently displays issues such as child abuse, prostitution, poverty, and crime in such a way that readers are able to understand and view them from diverse perceptions. By creating characters that have been through hell and back, Charles Dickens executes a great display of struggle especially within the lower classes. In the works of Charles Dickens, the wide variety of social issues of the Victorian Era are presented in a way such that readers are able to see specific issues from the perspectives of people from contrasting social classes, while speaking from his own experience through the characters. By doing so, Dickens is able to compare and contrast issues deemed controversial in the Victorian Era, especially regarding the disadvantaged. Poverty was very a common issue in the Victorian Era, and those who had to live in poverty had to face the judgment of society. In Oliver Twist, Dickens describes the way the poor wereShow MoreRelatedCharles Dicken s A Christmas Carol Essay1889 Words   |  8 PagesThis past Wednesday, I embarked with my National Honor Society on a field trip to watch the performance of a Christmas classic, Charles Dicken’s A Christmas Carol. The performance was a stage musical performed by the cast of the La Comedia dinner theatre. Being a strong performer in the theatre and theatre enthusiast myself, I was excited to watch this Christmas classic come to life on stage. As a child, I made frequent visits to La Comedia with family members, so I find myself very familiar withRead MoreThe Miserable And Wretched Creatures Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Charles Dickens s A Christmas Carol1697 Words   |  7 Pagesdirectly toward this issue, like Karl Marx in the â€Å"Communist Manifesto,â⠂¬  but others decided voice their opinions through the characters of their literary works. The miserable and wretched creatures of Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† and Charles Dickens’s â€Å"A Christmas Carol† are all products of the same social and cultural forces, however one is more noticeably linked to these issues while the other is more abstract. The two child-like spirits, Ignorance and Want, serve as warnings to Scrooge that societyRead MoreThe Life Of Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol1062 Words   |  5 Pageslasted from 1832 to 1901 under Queen Victoria’s reign. The culture revealed in this era was a time of rapid change, social inequality, industrialization, supernatural and religious beliefs, and was accurately reflected in the works of Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol. Roles of men and women were strictly defined, as were economic statuses. The hustle and bustle of the streets led to illnesses. Working conditions were destitut e and unsanitary. Children often had little to no education, unless veryRead MoreSocial Criticism In A Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens765 Words   |  4 Pagesbehind the world renowned classic, A Christmas Carol. Charles Dickens, born on February 7, 1812, spent the first nine years of his life living in southeast England with his father John, who was kind and likable man, although financially irresponsible. After moving to London, the twelve-year-old Dickens had his father arrested and set to debtors’ prison where his mother moved seven of their children, but arranged for Charles to live alone outside the prison. Charles spent three traumatic years away fromRead MoreCharles Dickens s Life And Life878 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens was an adored, creative and respected British author of several literary pieces that are at this time are referred as classics. He was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth which is located on the southern coast of England. Charles Dick ens had a very rough upbringing. He didn’t have the ordinary life a child has. Between seven brothers and sisters he was the second born. His parents raised them together until his father whose name was John had accumulating amounts of debts whichRead MoreA Christmas Carol Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesA Christmas Carol was written by Charles Dickens in 1843. Life for the lower class during this time was extremely hard because of enormous amounts of illnesses, young children worked and no education. A Christmas Carol was set in mid 19th century, during this time people had a really bad time; most of the people was unemployed and the people who were employed were paid deficiently, others were seasonal or casual, which meant they were when work was available so most of the families lived in povertyRead MoreA Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens1139 Words   |  5 Pages The book I have chosen is A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens. It has been rewrote few times but I wanted to pick the author that started it all. Charles John Huffman Dickens lived from February 7th,1812 – June 9th,1970 making him 58 when he died. He was buried Westminster Abbey. His mother and father were John and Elizabeth Dickens. He had seven siblings four brothers and three sisters. During his life he was married to his wife Catherine Dickens from 1836 to the day he died. Together they hadRead MoreThe Denver Center For Performing Arts1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe production A Christmas Carol was performed at the Denver Center for Performing Arts located in Denver, Colorado. I had the pleasure to attend the show on December 14th in the Stage Theater and I was captivated. This show captured the essence of a theatrical production. To avoid false impressions, the production I saw was performed in 2013. This is a foretaste for those thinking about attending the future perfo rmance in 2016; especially those who desire the theater experience. The Denver CenterRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreEveryone Appreciates A Good, Rags, And Oliver Twist1728 Words   |  7 PagesEveryone appreciates a good ‘rags to riches’ story. Charles Dickens did as well, in fact it could be said that his own story was one of rags to riches. Dickens knew poverty, he also knew people, and how poverty can effect and change them. Over the course of his life he wrote some of the most famous and beloved stories, from â€Å"A Christmas Carol,† â€Å"Great Expectation†, and â€Å"Oliver Twist†, to â€Å"Nicholas Nickleby† and â€Å"Davis Copperfield.† Today Dickens is considered to be by many, one of the most well-known

Solar Spirit Free Essays

string(120) " measurements is presented exploiting the different relative frequencies of local and distemper uncleanness variations\." Solar spirit generate need to be monitored for optimal power production. This helps restore potent power product from power plan while monitoring for Ba heliac panels, connections, and cully accumulated on table lowering product and other such issues touching heliacal act. So here we intend an machine-driven IOT supported heliacal dominion oversee system that sanction for machine-driven heliacal government monitoring from anywhere over the internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Solar Spirit or any similar topic only for you Order Now We use arduino based system to monitor a 10Watt heliacal compartment parameters. Our system constantly monitors the solar panel and transmits the divinity output to IOT system over the internet. Here we necessity IOT Gecko to transmit heliacal government parameters over the internet to IOT Gecko salver. It now exhibition these parameters to the use using an energetic GUI and also alerts use when the production sink below limited confine. This occasion remotely Monitoring of solar plants very smooth and ensures best influence output.Key words-Mppt, IOT, PV panel, ArduinoINTRODUCTION Solar efficiency harvesters are becoming constitutional in abode and buildings to provide true help for our clime, healthfulness and savingness. It together with other renewable origin will soon antiquate the traditionary fossil energy to become a column for endurable development. The divinity reward by heliac dress, however, depends upon variable constituent such as weather conditions, photovoltaic (PV) table, and Life conversion that need expanded and unbroken investigations to increase its potential. To this goal, a number of meditation have been conducted worn either electromechanical fixtures or taylor-make electronic revolution [1].IoTs notion connects both living and the no-living stuff via locally or internet connected devices that collect a populace of data [1]. With the emergence of IoTs concept, there stir a option of scheming devices that utilize the IoTs based backbone conference to connect the sylvan to the cloud for aqiqiy time and recurring supervise. However, these devices have to function under the forest pavilion with a hindrance factor in conditions of power.In the assistant administration, electronic surround designate greatest power characteristic trackers (MPPT) are designed to drive the PV fountain operated at the greatest might point (MPP) under different environmental conditions. Those circuits are really dc-dc converters furnish the correct amount of current so that the charge is always supplied with the limit option divinity generated. In [9], the Perturb and Observe (PO) technique was designed. This technique bases on the operating voltage of PV dispose and the power they attract to tune the management of the at work(predicate) voltage disturbance. Though being low-cost and simple to accomplish, the PO technique source the operating characteristic to sway around the MPP at stable state giving proceed to a waste of energy. This question is mitigated in [10] by an adaptable PO algorithmic rule that concord the perturbation breadth to the certain operating condition. In another work, the incremental conductance algorithmic rule was intend to converse with incompletely shaded conditions (PSC)[11].It uses the variations of the input voltage and current to detect the event of PSC. The at work(predicate) instant is then moved from the provincial MPP to broad MPP supported on a appoint lineal duty. Tey and Mekhilef improved this algorithmic rule by inflect the excise cycle of the dc-dc converter to further the MPP preserver [12]. Other plain anear hold Parasitic Capacitance, Voltage supported culminate power vestige (VMPPT), Current supported peak dominion tracking (CMPPT), curly formal logic controller, Neural mesh, and Ripple relation control (RCC) [13], [14], [15], [16]. They, however, have their own limitations that ask further investigation, e.g., fuzzy-supported controllers perform well under varying atmospheric mode, but their efficiency depends on the expert knowledge; VMPP and CMPP trackers are durable to understand the MPP, but the output dominion is influenced by magnetize characteristics, environmental factors (isolation and temperature), and the symbol of tracker interest. ARCHITECTURE AND VISION OF THE IOT The IoT is a specter that shut up and conquer several technologies at the conflux of power systems, information technology, elixir, nanotechnology and biotechnology. The IoT has been revolve as the latest revolution in the digital technology after the invention of computers and the internet. From the air of electricity network, it convey mayor accomplishments to the smart grid infrastructure propose. Technically, it personate a earth-spacious network of heterogeneous stuff such as dashy devices, quick oppose, sharp sensors, smart actuators, radio commonness identification (RFID) tags and readers, global station systems (GPS) and fixed computers [18]. Such stuff can be extend and exploited in dissimilar medicinal environments to back diversified cyber curative applications such as information collection, information progress, identification, control and movement. RELATED WORK Luigi Ranghetti et al[1] is grant a method to appreciate dynamics of person of standing irrigate (i.e. fractionate of flooded region) in rice fields second-hand MODIS data. First, we produced proud resolution water personality maps from Land sat by outset the Normalized Difference Flood Index (NDFI) made: we made it by comparing five Landsat 8 conception with field-obtained information approximately rice extent condition and water air. Manuel Campos-Taberner, et al[2] is proposed here a Leaf extent demonstrator (LAI) is a key biophysical feature necessity to end foliage protect and riding crop product in environmental studies in system to charged pluck permit. Frequently, swindle tester analyzers (LAI-2000) and digital cameras for hemispherical photography (DHP) are used for indirect forcible sapling region lickpot (PAIe f) estimates. Enrico  Antonio  Chiaradia, et al [3] is proposed here the archetype of an mixed, multisensor system for the unbroken oversee of hydraulic dynamics in rice fields under different irrigation regimes. DongHe,et al[4] is proposed here the ironmongery platform manner wireless microprocessor CC2430 as the ram of the protuberance. The sensor mesh is builted in coincidence with Zigbee wireless transmission agreement. WSN Sample the moisten quality, and mail the data to Internet with the serve of the GPRS DTU which has a built-in TCP/IP procedure. Through the Internet, Remote Data Center gets the real-time water sort data, and then analysis, process and record the data.R.L. Jones et al[5] is proposed here a supercilious spatial compactness and fast answer measurements from low-cost sensory networks may ease this divorce. A purely measurement-based advances to extract implicit soilage open (baselines) from the measurements is presented exploiting the different relative frequencies of local and distemper uncleanness variations. You read "Solar Spirit" in category "Papers" ZuhalCan et al[6] is express compare to on-query and continuous data assembly procedure on several WSN islands with separate dimension and connectivity regarding to data crowd ability. Our resemblance results show that continuous data mass protocols outdo on-demand data congregation procedure in terms of data parturition ratio and latency. Per Gunning berg et al[7] confer a large study on adult QoI metrics for fickle sensory fret and the realization of mobility. Three other mobility scenarios are designed comprehend fickle sensors, liquid droop and movable â€Å"mules† carrying data between sensors. We conclude that mobility both can correct as well as degrade the QoI metrics. We then discuss how QoI can be improve through coordination among omnigenous devices. ZuhalCan et al[6] is express compare to on-query and continuous data assembly procedure on several WSN islands with separate dimension and connectivity regarding to data crowd ability. Our resemblance results show that continuous data mass protocols outdo on-demand data congregation procedure in terms of data parturition ratio and latency.  Per Gunning berg et al[7] confer a large study on adult QoI metrics for fickle sensory fret and the realization of mobility. Three other mobility scenarios are designed comprehend fickle sensors, liquid droop and movable â€Å"mules† carrying data between sensors. We conclude that mobility both can correct as well as degrade the QoI metrics. We then discuss how QoI can be improve through coordination among omnigenous devices.Mingliang Jiang et al[8] grant a wireless country moistness sensory supported on the impedance metamorphose of the frequency domain. The sensor system is sway by heliacal energy, and the data can be instantly transmitted by wireless intercommunication. The sensory electrodes are embedded into the bottom of a nurture slat so that the sensory can measure soil moirà © contents at separate depths.  MuhamadAzmanMiskam et al [9] presents the deployment of a wireless extend-disposition oversee system to a low crop basket. The improved system measures dilute quality parameters, namely, state and dissolved E948, in true-tempo and inflict the data through wireless intercourse to the donee. The receiver is placed bowels a farmhouse.Yufei Wang et al [10] Presents the applications of sensory mesh in piezoelectric power systems are sift and analyzed first. Then, the characteristics of smart grid WSNs are abridge. Threats and security requirements peculiar for wireless sensory mesh used in showy grid systems are personate. Based on these works, reference certainty building was design to direct the deduction and the plan of the shelter solutions of wireless sensory networks in smart grid systems, considering the notice assurance requirements of electric might systems. Haitam M. Laarabi et al[11] In this writing, we have centralized on optimizing the process for management a large greatness of data transmitted via cobweb sockets that use the Transmission Control Protocol. Then we prove the process efficiency through performance and scalability tests. .H. Ding, et al [12]is discourse it was an urgent test for the cheerless of water expedient caused by the old-fashioned irrigation methods. In order to improve the utilization ability of water funds, based on the automaton-like subdue technology and wireless intelligence technology, a prepare of rice irrigation check system with wireless transmission. Chi-Farm Chen et al[13] This ponder improved a logical-supported method to monitor rice salamander and harvesting activities and, accordingly, to map rice ontogeny areas from the MODIS–Landsat fusion data in An Giang Province, Vietnam . Fredrik Haglind et al[14], grant a out-and-out review of the uncovered erudition on solar resolution based fermentation and sway settle. In order to limit the scope of the revisal, only plentifully renewable establish with at least the production of electricity and vehemence/burning water for end usefulness are considered. These include heliac photoelectric and solar thermal based generate with both concentrating and non-concentrating collectors in both solar-only and heliac-lurcher configurations. DeakinFrawley et al[15], In this writing, a small scatter passive electric influence offspiring one was devised for cause electricity from the heat available in the solar pool. The influence generation one proposed manage without the use of a trainer and imply no moving ability. The design of the power generation unit was finalised after performing a comprehensive theoretical study on the possible geometrical arrangements. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY This dividend demonstrate the whole stuff scheme of the speak system. Also, it coincidence the detail concord of each and every blockhead. The everywhere stuff delineate of the proposed system is as shown in show . This proposed block map continue count of devices goods particular sensors, and the cool data from all devices are harvest at the group administrator of ATMEGA328 HARDWARE COMPONENTS The ironmongery of the system includes microcontroller, Modem, PV Panel, Relay necessarily 12v command supplyIOTInternet of Things (IOT) is a obliging of network technology, which is based on information apprehension equipments such as RFID, infrared sensors, GPS, laser scanners, vapor sensors and so on, can force anything associate the Internet to dealing teaching, according to the protocol, which fetters sensible identification, locality and trail, supervise and management. In intend system we begin stain enumerate technique for monitoring sensor worth on the internet. Cloud reckon condition the access of applications as utilities, over the internet. The cloud estimate diagnostic and development approaches are explicate in. Cloud estimate is a large scale processing one which progress in travel opportunity and it is also a very hill cost technology based on the IP. The application area of IOT includes edifice and asylum automation, smart town project, smart manufacturing of various products, wearables, health anxiety systems and devices, automotive etc. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Our design proceed has been coded on simulated in network simulator and ameba as shown in profession figures, Fig. proteus result Fig. Proteus resultFig. node communication COMPARISON CHART The inference similitude of existing and the proposed for the parameters of strength ratio and the tarry ratio were shown in the waveform Fig. comparison on delay Fig. comparison on energy ratio CONCLUSION The Internet of Things has a ken in which the internet extends into the true the embracing everyday motive. The IoT permit appearance to be recognition and/or controlled remotely over existent reticulation infrastructure, creating opportunities for pure integration of the purgative earth into electronic computer-supported systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic beneficence in increase to lower human interposition. This technology has many applications like Solar cities, Smart villages, Micro grids and Solar Street lights and so on. As Renewable potency grew at a proportion faster than any other delay in narration during this duration. The talk system refers to the online exhibition of the command experience of heliac energy as a renewable strength. This serve the use to analysis of energy manners. Analysis impingement on the renewable energy treatment and electricity upshot. REFERENCES Luigi Ranghetti, Testing esteem of dilute surface in Italian rice district from MODIS adherent data,?International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geo information  52:284-295  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  June 2016. Manuel Campos-Taberner,Multitemporal Monitoring of Plant Area Index in the Valencia Rice District with PocketLAI, Published 2016 in Remote Sensing. Enrico  Antonio  Chiaradia, An intermingled, multisensor system for the extended monitoring of dilute dynamics in rice fields under dissimilar irrigation regimes,Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentSeptember 2015. Dong He,The extend disposition track system supported on WSN, 2012 2nd International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). R.L. Jones, Source attribution of aria impurity by spatial scale divorce worn high spatial compactness plexus of grave suffering gas attribute sensors,in?Atmospheric Environment  2  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  April 2015. ZuhalCan,Smartphone-based data collection from wireless sensor plexus in an townish surrounding, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States, 11 September 2015. Per Gunningberg, Quality-of-instruction sensitive data compilation for mobile sensor networks, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops. Mingliang Jiang, A wireless soil moisture sensory divinity by heliac force, September 8, 2017 IEEE. MuhamadAzmanMiskam,Deployment of wireless water-quality oversee system at titiserong vagabond crop field, Malaysia, 2013 IEEE 3rd International Conference on System Engineering and Technology. YufeiWang,Study on surety of Wireless Sensor Networks in smart grid, 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology. Haitam M. Laarabi, A scalable communication middleware for real-time data crowd of bad invoice vehicle activities,?in?Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies  ,November 2014. H.thump, Monitoring system of irrigation for paddy fields based on wireless transmission, in?NongyeGongchengXuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering  ,  April 2013. Chi-Fern Chen, A logical-based method for rice track from multitemporal MODIS-Landsat union data,European Journal of Remote Sensing  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  March 2016. Fredrik Haglind, A revise of heliacal energy supported flush and power generation systems,?Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews  ,  January 2017. DeakinFrawley, Passive small-scale voltaic power generation using thermoelectric cells in solar tank, Energy December 2016. How to cite Solar Spirit, Papers

Elizabethen Fashain Essay Research Paper Elizabethan Fashion free essay sample

Elizabethen Fashain Essay, Research Paper Elizabethan Fashion The Elizabethan Era was a clip that reflect the temper and values of the 16th century though the usage of manner. It was a period in which a batch of originality and creativeness was apparent was used to make new manners of frock ( Black A ; Garland 16 ) . The Manner in Elizabethan England at this clip reflected the values and Ideals of the epoch. It was an Era that based everything on the Great Chain Of Being ; which was a construct that everyone had a place in the societal standings of society that was given to him or her by God ( Leed 1 ) . The citizens in England during the sixteenth century had their ordered Stationss in life, and their vesture reflected who they were in society. Society was broken up into three major classs ; provincials, in-between category and Lords. If your vesture reflected the position of a different category so yours, you would be fined under Sumptuary Laws ( Leed 1 ) . Elizabethan Society was a society really different from today, but like today, the manner reflected the temper and influences on society. The Manner that was displayed in Elizabethan England was shaped by the impacts of Queen Elizabeth, the Spanish influence, Christopher Columbus, their desires for young person and beauty, and the strict societal order. With these five influences the difference of the manner of vesture worn in upper and lower category society stood out. The wealthy were able to afford the epicurean points the new initiation in the universe brought with it. The foreign expression was the expression that society wanted to accomplish during the Elizabethan epoch, for it reflected the values of Queen Elizabeth, who happened to be the ideal adult females of the epoch. Thingss that are non governable sometimes hold an influence on society that is non expected. One consequence that should hold been expected was that Queen Elizabeth would hold an impacted on the society that she gave her name to. The one thing that wasn # 8217 ; T expected nevertheless was the extent to which Queen Elizabeth would act upon manner. Queen Elizabeth was passionate about manner and she spread her love for it through out the land. One of Queen Elizabeth # 8217 ; s endowments was her ability to utilize any state of affairs to her political advantage ( Boucher 17 ) . She wanted to be seen as a individual with power and capableness and she thought rich fabrics would aid obtain that sentiment. The rich cloths and gems displayed unbelievable wealth, power and prestigiousness ( Leed 1 ) . Wealth and power were non the lone thing Queen Elizabeth achieved with her closet. She had a great fancy for foreign frock and this had an unbelievable impact on English manner of the times. England admired Queen Elizabeth # 8217 ; s manner and tried to copy it to their ability. She set the stance for what manner should be, and most upper category adult females followed her lead. This gave Queen Elizabeth the ability to make a piece of manner that would ever be associated with her epoch. The Spanish farthingale belonged to Katherine of Aragon, even though it was preponderantly scene through out the sixteenth century, but the Ruff belonged to her ( Contini 130 ) . She made them a chef-doeuvre of the ain doing them higher and larger. She had the technological progresss she needed in order to give her era the recognition it desired for the progresss she made in manner. England became the state cognize for its lacing devising, and the innovation of amylum helped her achieve great tallness on her frills. By the clip of Queen Elizabeth # 8217 ; s decease, the expression of manner had alterations wholly. The Tudor manner had disappeared and the International expression had arrived. Queen Elizabeth paid great attending to detail in every point she wore. She consulted many interior decorators and sent forms all over Europe in order to hold outfits that reflected the whole of Europe and gave her an unbelievable sense of power. Queen Elizabeth started the arrested development with foreign points. She had a great consequence on Elizabethan England, for non merely was the manner of manner named after her, but she besides put the presence for what the remainder of the society wanted. She was the centre of attending and everyone wanted to be like her to their capableness, for she knew manner, and how to palliate it with foreign points, and gems. Exploration is a powerful thing. The manner of the sixteenth century reflected the great involvement in travel and geographic expedition as a consequence of Christopher Columbus and his sailing the ocean blue. It was an epoch that dedicated itself to the hunt of new markets and natural stuffs, with the end of new alien manners of frock in head ( Tortora A ; Eubank 126 ) . Christopher Columbus # 8217 ; s establishing # 8217 ; s left the universe funny, particularly England. England had a new involvement in happening new stuffs and methods that they neer desired before. If an point was new, it was valuable and wanted by many. Through the sixteenth century, Spanish manner was individualized and people liked that. The drastic spread of Spanish costume through Europe came from the prestigiousness the Spaniards gained from the finds of Christopher Columbus who, although did non happen an immediate sea path to transport silk, recognized the immerse flow of cherished metals from the Americans to Spain ( Boucher 131 ) . This gave Elizabethans a sense of pride that they could be different but still stylish. This is why England was infatuated with it. But however the Spanish manner was non a manner of its ain. It had gone through many influences itself. It had taken traits form other states like Germany France and Italy and combined it together to do a manner that everybody wanted. Spain had incorporated clothing store from Venice and Germany, Gems and combs from France, all right linen signifier Flanders, and velvet or Milanese gold yarn signifier Italy ( Leed 3 ) . They had taken every states manner and created the ideal foreign manner that was greatly desired at this clip as a consequence of lt ;< p>Christopher Columbus. This manner appealed to Queen Elizabeth and hence the remainder of the Elizabethan society wanted it. Because of the cost of importation, the foreign manner was a manner that belonged to the wealthy in England and it aid determines the upper Lords from merely the Lords. The desire to suit an ideal is a desire that is present in all societies and in all epochs. Everyone wants to be the perfect image of the clip and in the Elizabethan epoch they helped achieve that ideal through the agencies of serious makeup. The ideal of the epoch was to be pale tegument, with vermilion coloured lips and cheques, with just hair ( Leed 1 ) . All these ideals could be achieved with the usage of pigments but pigmenting was really expensive. The affluent enjoyed the fact that they were the lone 1s in their society who could save the clip and afford the processs it took to suit the ideal, and this was on intent. The ideal Elizabethan should non merely be reasonably but she should be respected and rich and that should merely be gettable by the wealthy, for if everyone could accomplish it, the drastic separation between the upper and lower categories would be loss and one time everyone can make the ideal the ideal alterations. This desire to be immature and beautiful effected Elizabethan manner drastically. For the desire to be the ideal was besides expressed through what they wore. For the ideal adult females in society wore fabrics that decreased her size and made her the ptyalizing image of beauty. Societies standings in Elizabethan times were straight related to wealth. Members who where included in the upper category society were able to expose their flair for manner every bit good as wealth through the usage of accoutrements, jewellery, the ornament of their fabrics and most significantly the manners of vesture they wore. With the new initiation # 8217 ; s of the clip the wealthy was able to palliate their flair through beautiful embellishment, new stuffs and the application of gems. They began to utilize more and more luxuriant forms that had been seen in other topographic points in the universe. This separated the upper category from non merely the lower category, but besides the in-between category, for all the new finds of the universe were highly expensive. The upper category was able to afford new cloths like natural silk, Satin, new weaves of linen, and cloths with different pigmenting. They took their old forms and turned them into chef-doeuvres, adding pearls, treasures and lacing to them. The Lords had category and it was displayed through what they wore. They were able to reflect the ideal image of Elizabethan society through what they wore. Manner reflects the temper of an epoch, and during the sixteenth century it did precisely that. It reflected the rigorous societal order that took topographic point in England, which created high quality among the upper category. Manner was intended to delight the senses, the sense of sight by coloring material and form, the sense of tough by the vitamin D? cor of the cloth, and the combination of different textures and stuffs, and the sense of odor by aroma ( Boucher 16 ) . Elizabethan Fashion did delight the senses, for the attending to item was so great that touching an outfit could bring around many senses, and possibly even the psyche. Outfits where designed particularly for each individual, taking in to see his or her history and desires. They made the outfits with attention, doing them a portion of the individual who they belong to. An outfit could capture many desires and memories, through the usage of scenting, attaching gems and embroidering. Manner is a manner in which people express their feelings and tempers. But manner can besides reflect what wants to be seen and the ideals and values of a society. Manner reflected these ideals and values through the usage of foreign cloths, accoutrements, ornament and serious makeup as the consequence of Christopher Columbus, and Queen Elizabeth I influence. During the 16th century, Fashion made the upper category, for your wealth was determined by what you could afford to have on. It was a clip much different from today, but still, the Elizabethan society expressed many ascetic desires that were captured so good through the usage of manner. Work Cited 1. Black, Anderson J. , and Garland, Madge. A History of Fashion. New York: Wiliam Morrow and Company Inc. , 1975. 2. Boucher, Francois. 20,000 old ages of Fashion. New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc. Publishers, 1987. 3. Contini, Mila. Fashion- From Ancient Egypt to the Present Day. New York: The Odyssey Imperativeness, 1965. 4. Eubank, Kieth. , and Tortora, Phyllis. A Survey of Historic Costume. New York: Fairchild Publications, 1990. 5. Leed, Drea Queen Elizabeth # 8217 ; s Impact on Elizabethan Fashion ( Internet ) Elizabethan Costume Homepage February 2nd, 2000 Uniform resource locator: 6. Leed, Drea Elizabethan Make-up 101 ( Internet ) Elizabethan Costume Homepage February 2nd, 2000 Uniform resource locator: Bibliography 1. Ashelford, Jane. The Ocular History of Costume- The 16th Century. New York: Drama Book Publishers, 1983. 2. Boyce, Charels. Shakespeare A to Z. New York: A Roundtable Press book ; Facts on File, 1990. 3. Chartier, Roger. , and Goldhammer, Arthur. A History of Private Life-Passions of the Renaissance. Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1989. 4. Davenport, Milla. The Book Of Costume. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc. , 1948. 5. Elizabethan Embellishments ( Internet ) The Costume Homepage February 1st, 2000 Uniform resource locator: 6. Leed, Drea. Women # 8217 ; s Clothing for the lower orders ( Internet ) The Elizabethan Costume Homepage February 1st, 2000 Uniform resource locator: 7. Racinet, Albert. The Historical Encyclopedia of Costumes. New York: Facts on File Publications, 1988. 8. Vecellio, Cesare. Vecellios Renaissance Costume Book. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. , 1977. 9. Weiditz, Christoph. Authentic Everyday frock of the Renaissance. New York: Capital of delaware Publications, 1994. 10. Wilcox, R. Turner. A History of Fashion. New York: Charles Scribners boies, 1969.

Body Piercing Essay Sample free essay sample

Body piercing had late become really popular among immature people in many states. Not merely ears are pierced now. but besides noses. linguas. umbilicuss and assorted other organic structure parts. This has attracted unfavorable judgment from some people. who argue that piercing is unsafe. Meanwhile. others insist that if you take proper attention. it is absolutely safe. In the article by Lori Wilkerson she demonstrates that piercing is an antediluvian signifier of look that have been practiced for many centuries. They used piercing to demo off their wealth. beauty and societal position. Piercing mammillas was seen as a badge of award that showed the centurion’s dedication by Romans. ( Lori Wilkerson ) . For a gladiator. venereal piercing is used to prevented serious hurt and prevented them from holding sex without the owner’s permission. Piercing has been strictly used for the enjoyable sexual consequence for Victorian work forces. However. today organic structure piercing is a tendency that people influenced by the stone stars and MTV ( a Reno tattoo creative person ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Body Piercing Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other grounds of piercing alteration from personal look to personal authorization or to merely be self-generated and rebellious. However. many people and profession stand out to against this phenomenon. Harmonizing to Qunit Miller. one of five piercings now leads to infection. There are more disadvantages about piercing given by him. Oral piercings can do conceited linguas. excessively much hemorrhage. infection and swallowing of little jewelry parts. Serious infection could do gristle to decease. go forthing lasting disfiguration. Further more. seeping Pus is normally happened when the holes get infected. Furthermore. unhygienic equipment and working environment addition the hazard of undertaking hepatitis C. In add-on. tegument dimpling or cheloids is another jeopardies when you removed away the jewelry from piercing site. On balance. I feel that organic structure piercing is an artistic antique tradition. Peoples now are more and more fashion-conscious ; we can non halt them from traveling afte beauty. every bit long as they take great attention of the piercing site. So in my point of position. we can hold organic structure piercing if we want. provided making it in a safe and hygienic environment.

Free Essays on Lapis Lazuli

Tragedy and Art William Butler Yeats The theme of â€Å"Lapis Lazuli† is that all forms of art can surpass the tragedies experienced within the world; therefore making it gay. Yeats uses his theme of tragic joy throughout the poem, and often in his works toward the last few years of his life. As an artist of literature Yeats understands he faces death like every mortal, but art is what makes things beautiful. Art can bring people joy even in the worst of times. Art can overcome the mere tragedy of events simply by knowing everything comes to an end. Tragic joy is the bittersweet part of life that involves the acceptance of all things good and bad. In the first stanza we see he believes that those who give credence to the political world will only end up with tragedy, and no joy. The â€Å"hysterical women† he speaks of are those who have forsaken the arts, â€Å"sick of the palette and fiddle-bow.† Specifically, he is thinking of women such as Maud Gonne who was extremely active politically, especially with the uprising Easter uprising. These women embrace the politics of the modern world, and the modern world is stricken with war and destruction. The women’s convictions make them ugly since they are not accepting of art into their lives; therefore they don’t have joy. Yeats says that if everyone relies on politics instead of art, the world will come to an end. It isn’t the end that we should fear, but an end with no joy, no art. Yeats specifically proclaims three areas of art that are doomed to tragedy, yet they happily go, knowing that it provides them with sanity in an insane world. In the second stanza the reader is introduced to the first of the three arts in the form of Shakespeare’s tragic heroes, Prince Hamlet and King Lear. Readers of Hamlet and Lear understand that the characters meet a tragic end, but at the same time the heroes come to an understanding of their tragedy. Any artist should feel the tr... Free Essays on Lapis Lazuli Free Essays on Lapis Lazuli Tragedy and Art William Butler Yeats The theme of â€Å"Lapis Lazuli† is that all forms of art can surpass the tragedies experienced within the world; therefore making it gay. Yeats uses his theme of tragic joy throughout the poem, and often in his works toward the last few years of his life. As an artist of literature Yeats understands he faces death like every mortal, but art is what makes things beautiful. Art can bring people joy even in the worst of times. Art can overcome the mere tragedy of events simply by knowing everything comes to an end. Tragic joy is the bittersweet part of life that involves the acceptance of all things good and bad. In the first stanza we see he believes that those who give credence to the political world will only end up with tragedy, and no joy. The â€Å"hysterical women† he speaks of are those who have forsaken the arts, â€Å"sick of the palette and fiddle-bow.† Specifically, he is thinking of women such as Maud Gonne who was extremely active politically, especially with the uprising Easter uprising. These women embrace the politics of the modern world, and the modern world is stricken with war and destruction. The women’s convictions make them ugly since they are not accepting of art into their lives; therefore they don’t have joy. Yeats says that if everyone relies on politics instead of art, the world will come to an end. It isn’t the end that we should fear, but an end with no joy, no art. Yeats specifically proclaims three areas of art that are doomed to tragedy, yet they happily go, knowing that it provides them with sanity in an insane world. In the second stanza the reader is introduced to the first of the three arts in the form of Shakespeare’s tragic heroes, Prince Hamlet and King Lear. Readers of Hamlet and Lear understand that the characters meet a tragic end, but at the same time the heroes come to an understanding of their tragedy. Any artist should feel the tr...

Geothermal Energy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Geothermal Energy - Research Paper Example The researcher states that the heat from the Earth is called geothermal energy and have many advantages as it is renewable and does not spoil the environment. It is renewable because the heat emanating from the earth's interiors is virtually limitless. There are many countries worldwide including U.S that produce geothermal energy in a considerable amount. This paper focuses on the origin of the geothermal energy, scientific principles on which it is based and how it is being harnessed safeguarding our environment. The paper also looks into the cost of production of geothermal energy and other cost economics when compared with the energy produced from fossil fuels. According to the Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act of 1980 and the National Energy Policy Act of 1992, geothermal energy is a renewable resource. The reason being rainwater continue to feed the underground aquifers. The Earth's heat is an inexhaustible and continuous source of energy. It is an established fact, mentioned by the researcher that geothermal energy has a promising future due to its environmentally friendly nature and being a renewable type. The cost economics tilt hugely in favor of this renewable source of energy and recent advances in drilling and exploration technology will make it more lucrative in coming years. Global warming and ecological disturbances throughout the world necessitates the use of natural and clean energy resource replacing the fossil fuel based energy as much as possible.

Demographic Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Demographic Assignment - Essay Example Other than all formal meetings, I like to wear T-shirts and loose pants to give the impression of carelessness. Having tight budgets, I tend to travel by bus and train rather than airline. Part II. Select and watch 2 hours of television (does not have to be continuous), including the commercials. Based on what you’ve seen, provide a viewer profile for each show and discuss your findings. During the two hours, multiple programs are shown on Television. They include reality shows, news programs, commercials and entertainment shows. The audience of every type of program is different. Businessmen are mostly interested in current affairs; house wives are interested in commercials, while people of all age and profession are attracted by entertainment shows. It is because, it provides them an opportunity to change their mood and relax from the busy hectic daily routine. News headlines are attractive to all, while the detail is often skipped. Understanding of demographics will help firms to better design their products and marketing activities to fit customer preferences. They will design commercials to attract the specific target group and schedule their commercials keeping in view their

New Skills for Career fulfillment and Job Satisfaction Essay

New Skills for Career fulfillment and Job Satisfaction - Essay Example The Saudi Export business plays an important part in the economic decisions of many countries with quite a few economies tied directly to it, with many being indirectly affected thereby. The position I am aiming for is influential indeed and it is, therefore, imperative that the candidates for the position have the finest and most up to date education possible. This is exactly what I expect from my proposed program of study at this esteemed educational establishment i.e. I expect that enrolling for, and then obtaining, this degree would enable me to stand next to, if not ahead of, the finest qualified people in this field as this program offers a state of the art syllabus. To ensure getting a glimpse of the bigger picture, I opted for International Business and Information Systems (IBIS) as a major for my undergraduate studies, at the University of Tampa, Florida. This was to study the impact of computer technology and information systems on global business(es). I believe it is time to further supplement my knowledge and skills in the international trade area by enrolling in the M.Sc. Finance program. The combination, I believe, will give me the skills needed to enter the race towards my objectives and put me ahead of the competition in achieving them. I am honoured to be considered for the M.Sc. Finance program and greatly appreciate you going through my application. I shall eagerly look forward to being accepted into the Texas A&M University-Commerce community, and am anticipating a positive response from your end.

Should The Death Penalty Be Abolished? Essay

Should The Death Penalty Be Abolished? Essay The death penalty is the act of punishing someone to death for an offense. Questions have been arisen to whether death penalty should be abolished in countries around the world. The pros and cons of death penalty. Therefore, the purpose of this research study is to look at both sides of the arguments of death penalty. It starts off with the description of death penalty and the different types of death penalty. Interesting issues are brought up like the wrongful executions, death penalty being deterrent to crime and the alternatives to death penalty. There are evidence to both sides of the argument in whether the death penalty should be abolished or not. Based on the investigation that is carried out which evaluates the causes, effects and ways to solve the question of death penalty, the many reasons for why death penalty should be abolished is being proven and thus concluding the thesis statement. When the word death penalty is used, it makes yelling and screaming from both sides of extremist. One side may say deterrence, while the other side may say, but you may execute an innocent man. Death penalty is defined as the killing of a person by judicial process as a punishment for an offense. Today, one of the most debated issues in the Criminal Justice System is the issue of capital punishment or the death penalty. There are 8 types of death penalty practiced in an official capacity in the modern world. Lethal injection is the practice of injecting a person with a fatal dose of drugs for the express purpose of causing an immediate death. Gas chamber executions are where the prisoner is strapped to a chair inside a sealed gas chamber. The executioner (standing outside of the chamber) pulls a lever dropping potassium cyanide pellets into a vat of sulfuric acid, flooding the chamber with lethal hydrogen cyanide gas. The electric chair is also another common form of capital punishment. The prisoner is shaved, strapped to a chair, and fitted with electrodes attached to conductive spongesone on the head, one on the legcreating a direct current. The prisoner is then hooded. The executioner pulls a switch, and 2,000 volts race through the prisoners body as the internal body temperature approaches 140 degrees. Executions by firing squad works on strapping the victim to a chair with five sharpshooters ai ming at the victims heart and all five pulling the trigger. There is also death by hanging. The prisoner stands on trapdoor, and a rope descends from a wooden beam overhead. The rope is fastened around the prisoners neck in a Hangmans noose, which tightens when pulled upon. The executioner pulls a lever opening the trapdoor and dropping the prisoner, who ideally dies quickly due to a broken neck. Death by stoning is arguably the worlds oldest form of execution. The prisoner is buried either up to his waist (if male) or up to her shoulders (if female) and then pelted with stones by a crowd of volunteers until obviously battered to death. Death by beheading is probably the most humane form of punishment. The victim is restrained, usually forced to kneel, and the executioner removes the head by way of a sword or knife. Lastly, crucifixion is an ancient method of painful execution in which the condemned person is tied or nailed to a large cross (of various shapes) and left to hang until dead. Aim of report. The purpose of this report is to investigate the factors on why death penalty should be abolished and the many reviews on death penalty by the people all around. This study draws on information gathered from various Malaysian and international articles, World Wide Web sites and video documentary. 2.0 Why are some people for the death penalty? There are a number of reasons on why some people are for the death penalty although majority is on the way of abolishing it. Some sees it as a way to better yet end the crime rates around the world. 2.1 Capital punishment holds the criminal accountable for his/her actions. Justice requires punishing the guilty even if only some can be punished and sparing the innocent, even if all are not spared. Morally, justice must always be preferred to equality. Justice cannot ever permit sparing some guilty person, or punishing some innocent ones, for the sake of equality-because others have been spared or punished. In practice, penalties could never be applied if we insisted that they can be inflicted on only a guilty person unless we are able to make sure that they are equally applied to all other guilty persons. Anyone familiar with the law enforcement knows that punishments can be inflicted only on an unavoidable shudder selection of the guilty (Bedau, H., 1977). Irwin Isenberg (1977) said, when you kill a man with premeditation, you do something different than stealing from him. I favor the death penalty as a matter of justice and human dignity even apart from deterrence. The penalty must be appropriate to the seriousness of the crime (p. 135). 2.2 Prevents recidivism. The death penalty protects the public from the most heinous criminals and it also protects us from psychiatrists, judges, parole boards, and celebrities who can too easily be hoodwinked by a practiced con-man determined to win his freedom in order to continue his criminal career. People on death row are unable to get out of prison and are waiting for the day they are put to death. Once they are put to death, there is absolutely no recidivism to worry about. 2.3 Death penalty is a deterrent to crime. If we do not know whether the death penalty will deter others, we will be confronted with two uncertainties. If we have the death penalty and achieve no deterrent effect, than, the life of convicted murderers has been expended in vain (from a deterrent point of view)-here is a net loss. If we have the death sentence, and deter future murderers, we spared the lives of future victims-(the prospective murderers gain, too; they are spared punishment because they were deterred). In this case, the death penalty is a gain, unless the convicted murderer is valued more highly than that of the unknown victim, or victims (Carrington, F., l978). 3. Why do some people oppose the death penalty? Majority of people oppose the death penalty as it brings more disadvantage to advantage. 3.1 The wrongful executions of an innocent person. Unlike all other criminal punishments, the death penalty is uniquely irrevocable. Although some proponents of capital punishment would argue that its merits are worth the occasional execution of innocent people, most would also insist that there is little likelihood of the innocent being executed. In Georgia in 1975, Earl Charles was convicted of murder and sentenced to death. A surviving victim of the crime erroneously identified Charles as the gunman; her testimony was supported by a jail-house informant who claimed he had heard Charles confess . Incontrovertible alibi evidence, showing that Charles was in Florida at the very time of the crime, eventually established his innocence but not until he had spent more than three years under death sentence. His release was owing largely to his mothers unflagging efforts.(35) 3.2 The high cost of the death penalty. It is sometimes suggested that abolishing capital punishment is unfair to the taxpayer, on the assumption that life imprisonment is more expensive than execution. A murder trial normally takes much longer when the death penalty is at issue than when it is not. Litigation costs including the time of judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and court reporters, and the high costs of briefs are mostly borne by the taxpayer. 3.3 The victims families perspectives on the death penalty. Numerous families and loved ones of murder victims support alternatives to the death penalty for many reasons, including: The death penalty process is a traumatizing experience for families, often requiring them to relive the pain and suffering of the death of their loved one for many years. Life without parole provides certain punishment without the endless reopening of wounds. 3.4 Inadequate legal representation. Almost all defendants in capital cases cannot afford their own attorneys. In many cases, the appointed attorneys are overworked, underpaid, or lacking the trial experience required for death penalty cases. There have even been instances in which lawyers appointed to a death case were so inexperienced that they were completely unprepared for the sentencing phase of the trial. Other appointed attorneys have slept through parts of the trial, or arrived at the court under the influence of alcohol. 3.5 Alternatives to the death penalty. In every state that retains the death penalty, jurors have the option of sentencing convicted capital murderers to life in prison without the possibility of parole. The sentence is cheaper to tax-payers and keeps violent offenders off the streets for good. Unlike the death penalty, a sentence of Life without Parole also allows mistakes to be corrected. 3.6 Religious perspectives on death penalty. Most people are living with their own beliefs or religions though there are minorities of people who are free-thinkers. Almost all religions around the world regard executions as immoral. Among them are Christianity, Buddhism, Jewish, Islam and Judaism . 4.0 There are better methods to punish the offenders than death penalty. Death penalty can be too cruel to punish the offenders and no one should take the life of others other than God. Despite this, offenders are not excused from being punished for what they did to others as they still need to be punished but just with other alternatives to the death penalty. 4.1 Life imprisonment without the possibility of parole plus restitution. The most popular alternative to the death penalty is life imprisonment without the possibility of parole plus restitution. This alternative not only costs much less than capital punishment, but also keeps the criminal in jail for the rest of his life so he cannot return back to society. Restitution means that while the prisoner is in jail, he will be put to work with all the money made going to the family of the victim. 4.2 Prison with parole. The average sentence for someone convicted of murder is twenty years. The average time spent in jail for a convicted murderer before being released is around 8.5 years. These numbers mean that most murderers do receive parole and go back into society. John DiIulio writes that even though some paroled murderers remain dangerous, the vast majority of [them] never commit another murder or violent crime. Many have not only gone straight but have continued paying their debt to society by making post-release restitution, manning youth and community outreach centers that work with juvenile felons, and more (Wall Street Journal, Dec. 15, 1997). 4.3 Reformatories. Reformatories are used to reform criminals working with the physical, mental, and moral issues of their inmates instead of just punishing them as we would in jails. They put their offenders to work for society and try to turn their lives around, so they can live a normal life in society. A good use of this method would be for juveniles on death row. This alternative to the death penalty is a more practical solution, rehabilitating criminals instead of just punishing them.

Message of Love in the Epic of Gilgamesh :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

The Message of Love in Gilgamesh Gilgamesh is an epic of great love, followed by lingering grief that causes a significant change in character. It is the story of a person who is feared and honored, a person who loves and hates, a person who wins and loses and a person who lives life. Gilgamesh's journey is larger than life, yet ends so commonly with death. Through Gilgamesh, the fate of mankind is revealed, and the inevitable factor of change is expressed. Before the coming of Enkidu, Gilgamesh was a man of great power. A being for which there was no equal match, Gilgamesh boasted about his overwhelming glory and power. However, his arrogance was accompanied with an extensive abuse of power, which pushed the city of Uruk into a state of rage. Still Gilgamesh felt no despair; he lived to display to others his majestic power. The first sign of a sincere change in Gilgamesh arises as a result of the birth of Enkidu. From the beginning, a powerful link developed between man and woman. The wise Ninsun said to Gilgamesh,"You will love him as a woman and he will never forsake you". Gilgamesh had finally met his match, a friend that would serve as his life-long companion. Upon the seal of this great friendship, Gilgamesh began to change his selfish ways. Nevertheless, he shared with Enkidu the luxuries of kindness. Setting aside his great pride and power, Gilgamesh had opened a place in his heart, and in his sumptuous life, for his beloved bro ther. The second significant change in Gilgamesh was caused by the loss of his brotherly companion, Enkidu. Gilgamesh couln't bear the loss of a love so powerful. Despite his astonishing power and leadership, something in his life was missing. Moreover, he wept for seven days and nights, thinking his friend would come back because of his weeping. It is in this stage of the epic that one can see the truly sympathetic and compassionate side of Gilgamesh. The grief in his heart had far surpassed the magnificent pride that he had previously displayed so boldly. Enkidu's death left Gilgamesh frightened and confused. However, the despair in his heart was so great that he could not rest; would he ever be at peace? Thus, he became terrified of his own death. After the death of Enkidu, Gilgamesh tries to find immortality by trying to cross the ocean to find it.

Arterial Blood Gas Essay

Understanding arterial blood gases can sometimes be confusing. A logical and systematic approach using these steps makes interpretation much easier. Applying the concepts of acidbase balance will help the healthcare provider follow the progress of a patient and evaluate the effectiveness of care being provided. Copyright 2004 Orlando Regional Healthcare, Education & Development Glossary ABG: arterial blood gas. A test that analyzes arterial blood for oxygen, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate content in addition to blood pH. Used to test the effectiveness of ventilation. Acidosis: a pathologic state characterized by an increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the arterial blood above the normal level. May be caused by an accumulation of carbon dioxide or acidic products of metabolism or a by a decrease in the concentration of alkaline compounds. Alkalosis: a state characterized by a decrease in the hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood below normal level. The condition may be caused by an increase in the concentration of alkaline compounds, or by decrease in the concentration of acidic compounds or carbon dioxide. Chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD): a disease process involving chronic inflammation of the airways, including chronic bronchitis (disease in the large airways) and emphysema (disease located in smaller airways and alveolar regions). The obstruction is generally permanent and progressive over time. Diamox â„ ¢: a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that decreases H+ ion secretion and increases HCO3 excretions by the kidneys, causing a diuretic effect. Hyperventilation: a state in which there is an increased amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli (increased alveolar ventilation), resulting in reduction of carbon dioxide tension and eventually leading to alkalosis. Hypoventilation: a state in which there is a reduced amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli. Hypoxemia: below-normal oxygen content in arterial blood due to deficient oxygenation of the blood and resulting in hypoxia. Hypoxia: reduction of oxygen supply to tissue below physiological levels despite adequate perfusion of the tissue by blood. Iatrogenic: any condition induced in a patient by the effects of medical treatment. Kussmaul’s respirations: abnormal breathing pattern brought on by strenuous exercise or metabolic acidosis, and is characterized by an increased ventilatory rate, very large tidal volume, and no expiratory pause. Oxygen delivery system: a device used to deliver oxygen concentrations above ambient air to the lungs through the upper airway. Oxygenation: the process of supplying, treating or mixing with oxygen. Oxyhemoglobin: hemoglobin in combination with oxygen. Pneumothorax: an abnormal state characterized by the presence of gas (as air) in the plueral cavity. Pulmonary Embolism: the lodgment of a blood clot in the lumen of a pulmonary artery, causing a severe dysfunction in respiratory function. Thyrotoxicosis: toxic condition due to hyperactivity of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include rapid heart rate, tremors, increased metabolic basal metabolism, nervous symptoms and loss of weight.

The Industrial Revolution in the American History

The Industrial Revolution in the American History The current civilization bears a close connection with the industrial revolution. Both the revolution and the emergence of urban society happened simultaneously soon after the first World War. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Industrial Revolution in the American History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People welcomed it highly, as it provided them with scrupulous means of transport and communication creating more job opportunities and cities such as commercial, administrative and industrial sites and above all, the invention of machines that they had not witnessed. In America, it resulted to rapid growth, which has not happened of late (Robert et al, 2011, p. 444). However, as appealing as it might sound, it brought forth horrible problems to humanity in terms of effect of urbanization, child labor, poor working conditions, riots and strikes, long working hours as well as increased number of unskilled workers. Although the Americans had invented machines, the labor of men, women and children still formed new industrial society. They were working ten hours a day and six days a week with little vacations (Robert, et al. 2011, p. 459). As a result, their health deteriorated as the Americans regarded them as machines. In addition, working conditions were worst, with many accidents, and low-safety standards. For in stance, on the railroad several workers suffered injuries with many others dying every year. The workers also suffered from several chronic diseases due to dust, chemical and air pollution (Robert, et al. 2011, p. 459). Moreover, since workers moved to stay close to the factories, there was an evident overcrowding in the house: a case that worsened the situation. Less fortunate families thus forced young girls for early marriages while boys had their roles in the industries. Since industrialization led to much discrimination within the American society, boys received a bit higher payment, as compared to girls. Majority of the working girls remained single because of the nature of work they were doing. Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, there was discrimination of women as most of them were secretaries, while remarkably few were lawyers to the level of some schools refusing to admit girls who aspire to become lawyers because they had no ability to study law (Robert, et al. 2011, p. 450). Furthermore, those employed in the industries had to occupy majorly household jobs. Ethical, religious and racial discrimination skewed earnings with natives, adults, and Protestants earning more than their counterparts did. Such hatred also affected the Chinese and Japanese. For instance, the congress in 1888 passed the Chinese exclusion act prohibiting the immigration of Chinese workers for a period of ten years, as they stood out as perfect workers whom the country could not afford to discard. The resulting effect of the discrimination was the weakening of labor laws and unions. Industrialization led to rampant corruption in the railway sector. Since Federal government had granted vast acres of land for the expansion of railway, the companies’ directors were using the land, set aside for security, for bonds and loans (Robert, et al. 2011, p. 459). It thus prompted waste and corruption, as companies were eager to collect subsidies to maximize their profits. They bribed congressional representatives and the legislatures to avoid investigating their activities. In addition, the grant enabled the building of railroads in the Indians’ territory leading to the destruction of their lives (Robert, et al. 2011, p. 446). Based on the evident compromise on the workers’ unions, William Sylvis took the initiative to stabilize the trade unions gradually by integrating several trade unions together. He advocated and sought for long-term humanitarian reforms such as the establishment of workers’ corporations. Such corporations, otherwise known as knights of labor, aimed at making each member his or her employer. The membership grew steadily though ineffective leadership watered it. However, the American federation of labor (AFL) emerged (Robert, et al. 2011, p. 461) uniting both the skilled and the unskilled workers. Even though, most unions formed did not accommodate women, AFL did not oppose women membership.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Industrial Revolution in the American History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through the established trade union, workers realized the need to stand alone to cater for their needs. They also realized how their children had a right not to suffer from any discrimination whatsoever. As a result, the workers formed their institutions to deal with their jobs. They joined to help each other. The union offered companionship, news of job openings and insurance plans for sickness and accidents. They organized a formidable riot, which led to a great number of violent confrontations in America as a means of relieving themselves from the horrible conditions of work. In 1870, there was an abundant labor due to industrialization in America. This resulted into a mass exodus of immigrants from Europe who were primarily seeking for opportunities in the American mines and industries (Robert, et al. 2011, p. 444). Even though, the European immigrants were seeking to work in the mines, they later established their business to compete with the Native Americans. In addition, there were Jews immigrants that migrated to America due to the availability of several openings, which they wanted to grasp (Robert, et al. 2011, p. 459). The immigration process occurred rapidly that, by 1990, the total number of immigrants had reached seventy sixty million. Reference Robert, D., et al. (2011). T he Industrial Society. America Past and Present, 2(1), 442-465.

How to Write a Descriptive Essay In 3 Easy Steps - BestEssay.education

How to Write a Descriptive Essay In 3 Easy Steps How to Write a Descriptive Essay In 3 Easy Steps Writing a descriptive essay is easier than it seems. If you have mastered the basics of writing an essay, the descriptive essay is something that you can master fairly easily. In fact, there are only x steps between you and a successfully completed descriptive essay. Before we go through those steps, let's answer the question, 'what is a descriptive essay?'. To use a tautology, a descriptive essay is an essay that describes something. What this means is that you will be taking an object, a person, an event, or an experience, and you will be describing that to your readers in a way that they can truly understand. Now that the definition has been established, let's review the 3  steps to writing a descriptive essay. Selecting an Essay Topic Your best topic will be one that is highly interesting to you and one that is complex enough that    you can dedicate an entire essay to describing it. In fact, the more senses that you can evoke in  your readers the better. As you evaluate potential topics, see if you can answer all of the  following questions: What would a person see? What would they hear? What would they taste? What would they smell? What would they feel? The stronger your answers to each of these questions, the more likely it is that you have found a great subject for your descriptive essay. However, it can be okay to write a descriptive essay on  a topic if it does not evoke all four senses, as long as it evokes very strong sensory and   emotional responses as you describe it. Reviewing Your Topic Students often select topics for descriptive essays that come from personal experience. This could mean that they are describing experiences they have themselves, objects the possess, or people that they know. This could also mean that they are simply trying to describe something they are truly interested in. This is a good thing, because familiarity and emotional attachment   Ã‚   makes writing a descriptive essay much easier. However, it is absolutely imperative that you spend time reviewing your topic. No matter how familiar you are, you still need to go over what you experienced, heard, or saw. This will help make the experience fresh in your mind. Use Descriptive Words to Write a Descriptive Paragraph Keep in mind that adjectives are key. The more adjectives in your essay, the more impact it is going to have on both your readers and on your instructor. So, be original and prolific in the way that you use adjectives, and also adverbs, in your essay. Remember that, 'It was a blue car   that nobody drove', is not the same as 'It was matte finished navy blue car that sat idle in my friend's garage. Now that you know how to write a descriptive essay, you should be ready to tackle your next writing assignment. However, if you are not ready, we have plenty of writers on staff to help students just like you.

The influence of british eurosceptic tabloids on Public opinion. An Dissertation

The influence of british eurosceptic tabloids on Public opinion. An investigation into the coverage of the single currency - Dissertation Example The elites of Europe were found to be largely supportive about the European integration. They were also able to gather a mass quiescence to some extent, if not the support regarding this agenda from the public (Alarcon, 2004, p.30). Thus for many years, there was relatively little importance that was attributed towards public opinion. This was in accordance with the thinking of neo-functionalist ideologies which viewed the elite behavior as its key towards European integration. It was observed that as the EU continued to become more and more integrated there grew a questioning tendency in the general public (Hansen, 2008, p.5).This was the beginning of euroscepticism. Euroscepticism and its positive and negative features The phenomenon called euroscepticism had crept into mainstream politics in the early years of the 1990’s (Kuzio, 2010, p. 5).Historically, the term appeared to have resurfaced in Britain where the term began to be used synonymously with words like awkwardness or otherness which were regarded to be the oppositionist group against Britain’s participation within the Continental European integration project for political and economic togetherness in the 1960’s (Harmsen & Spiering, 2005, p.13). ... Similarly, the term skeptic has been interpreted as ‘an attitude of doubt or a disposition of disbelief’ (Hansen, 2008, p.7). There would be some argument that euroscepticism is rather a negative signal as a gap that lies between the desire of the political elite along with the European public. It would also argue that as it many normative implications regarding the democratic credentials in the European integration agenda when a large and growing proportion of the EU general public did not buy into the concept, it carried a negative perspective. However, it must be mentioned that there are positive attributes too in the concept of euroscepticism in the sense that it exhibits an increased awareness, mass interest and critical capacity regarding the public. The term also helps to act as a reminder to the political elite that the group would not be able to govern without having popular consent from the mass. Some would even argue stating that euroscepticism is in fact â₠¬Ëœhealthy’ as it invites a closer evaluation of the policy choices that were open to Europe and thus helped to increase the participation of the ordinary public in the policy making process of the EU (Hansen, 2008, p.7). Though Britain did become a member of the EU in 1973, it has been constantly applying for petitions to withdraw its membership form the circle. This was prompted largely by the ideologies pertaining to euro skepticism (1973: Britain joins the EEC, 2012). The political scenario in Britain can be held for propagating euro skepticism. This is demonstrated by their refusal to share power unlike their other counterparts in the continental European integration projects (Harmsen & Spiering, 2005,

Health Gap between Rich and Poor in Briatin Essay

Health Gap between Rich and Poor in Briatin - Essay Example There were a lot of repressed meanings that could possibly be interpreted in these news writings. As a result, this essay would present the point of view on the issue through the evaluation of the three online news sources via using a deconstructive approach. I would first discuss my point of view with regards to the online news article published by BBC Online (1998). Upon reading BBC’s news report, I could say that it was really written in a conservative approach with the aim of not only providing information to the public but largely on persuading the citizens of UK, in particular, the poor sectors of the society, that the government could resolve this widening health gap. This media group’s manner of reporting was done through informing the public on what the government was thinking about the health issue. In fact, as stated by the author of the report who was a government’s former chief medical officer, Sir Donald Acheson, the local authorities had already me chanisms to resolve the challenges encountered by the most economically deprived sector of society. As part of the government, he greatly had voiced how the government were seriously considering the said health issue because of its significant impact on the succeeding generations. In fact, the seventy – five (75) recommendations given in the report was far – reaching as it had included thirty – nine (39) categories which consisted of health all the other areas related it like education, housing and environment. Though, it was only the voice of the government that was clearly expressed. Through taking into consideration the source of the news report, the BBC, a non – commercial, government - owned organization, it could be greatly understood the careful manner of reporting since it was being funded and supported by the government itself. As part of the local authority, this medium was serving a purpose of not only providing the information to the public bu t also, for the large part, it had played to protect the government. It was biased in the sense that the voice of the government was the only voice that was presented. Thus, this article of BBC had suppressed the other possible interpretations of this issue through not presenting the other sides of the problem. Given the serious health concerns encountered by the authorities, BBC had functioned as a mechanism of the government to give assurance to its people that everything was manageable and under control, that the growing health gap between the rich and the poor sectors of society would soon be resolved. In this manner, the public should worry about nothing because the government was doing its role. Indeed, BBC’s manner of providing information to the public was serving the benefit of its sponsor, the government. On the

Mechanical engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mechanical engineering - Research Paper Example Here are a few observations. The easiest sources where from bls.gov and usnews.com. They have simple and well documented report on what is required for one to orient to mechanical engineering. They gave accurate information about what’s required once a person takes up the course, what to expect in terms of the difficulties of the job as well as the salary. Salary ranges where given from almost all the sources. From (Bls.gov, 2014), mechanical engineers’ median annual salary was $ 80,580.this was back in May 2012. It was during this year that, the engineers in the low 10% region earned less than $52,030 annually and those in the top 10% earned nothing less than $121,530. The site gives the salary ranges of the top five industries. The highest employers were Computer and electronic product manufacturers who paid them $84,860 annually, followed by Architectural engineering, Transport and equipment manufacturers, Machinery manufactures and the lowest employers were in the Fabrication industry that paid them $69,890 annually. Other sources had almost similar figures but I prefer this one (Bls.gov, 2014) A bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering or mechanical technology is required. This is a fixed requirement on most universities. However some colleges offer 5year programs that cover both Bachelors degree as well as Masters. (Money.usnews.com, 2014). The full program takes 4-5 years to complete inclusive of the internships. Apart from the educational requirements, one is required to have other qualities. One has to have the creativity in them. One should have great listening skills. Math’s also a key quality as most of the time, you will come across several work stations.one should have mechanical skills in them. Lastly is they should be good problem solvers as they will encounter challenges that will require them to work on it in no time at all. (Bls.gov, 2014) . There is other kind of information that is given in some

How Have Us-China Relationship Been Refashioned By The Crisis Essay Example for Free

How Have Us-China Relationship Been Refashioned By The Crisis Essay The economic crisis experienced over the recent past has had a resoundingly negative effect across the globe. Altman (2009a, p. 527) describes it as â€Å"the worst in over 75 years. † Different people and different occurrences contributed variedly toward this crisis. However, most researchers tend to point fingers towards the US and blame it solely for orchestrating the crisis through its dubious economic policies and financial excesses (Dibb, 2009, p. 3 and Altman, 2009a, p. 527). Wright (2009, p. 59) furthers this ideology by saying that the recession originated in New York and, and like a wildfire, spread to Asia and other parts of the world. According to Altman (2009b, p. 5), as a result, â€Å"The overall picture is a grim one: a deep, truly global and destabilizing downturn, with world GDP falling for the first time in post-war period. Given rising populations, such an outright contraction is stunning. † China on the other hand chooses to distant itself away from the blame game. Wright (2009, p. 64) supports this reaction by saying that â€Å"China is not blaming US for the crisis. † According to them, the crisis was a culmination of a series of events performed by different countries in relations to their trading methods, economic policies, domestic marketing tendencies as well as overall governance. This has been a tactful stand for china more so with the looming speculations of them wanting to take full advantage of the crisis to impose influence of their minimally scathed domestic economy. It also provides a platform for good interrelations with the US, if need be, since there is no bad-blood between them as opposed to the critiquing nations. For china, their strong domestic market acts as a cushion in this tough time that many nations are languishing in economic distress. Despite facing low revenues from their exports and generally having to deal with the challenge of fluctuating prices of commodities, it has been able to get solace from their stable Foreign exchange trading (Altman, 2009a, p. 31). In sharp contrast, the US-the strongest nation in the world is finding it difficult to cope with the crisis. Apart from allegedly overspending beyond their means, the financial injuries in their banks and credit-markets combined with the unprecedented liquidity levels have forced US down on their knees (Altman, 2009b, 529). To make matters worse, there have been recent concerns of the US loosing its focus from ensuring coherence, coordination and leadership. Altman (2009b, p. ) equates this tendency to the inward preoccupation of the US with severe unemployment, housing challenges and fiscal pressures. He exemplifies this by saying, â€Å"US household lost 20 percent of their net worth in just 18 months, dropping from a peak of $64. 4 trillion in mid 2007 to $51. 5 billion at the end of 2008 (p. 3). On the other hand, it looks like china could increase its diplomatic presence in the development world by sharing its vast acumen of resources and ideologies (Altman, 2009b p. 3). According to Altman (2009a p. 28), â€Å"This relatively unscathed position gives china the opportunity to solidify its strategic advantages as the united States and Europe struggle to recover† by investing in places where US and Europe can’t. In essence, this rise by china combined with other Scandinavian countries threatens to overthrow USA from the global driving seat. Altman (2009a, 527) aptly describes it as â€Å"shifting the world’s centre of gravity away from the united states. †An Analyst like Dibb (2009, p. 2) is already voicing out his opinions to this by saying the global wealth is speeding from the east to west. In fact, he goes further and says â€Å"We think that the global financial crisis will hasten the relative decline of America and Improve China’s status (2009, p. 5). † Such opinions are, however, greatly discouraged as they may just aggravate the highly polarised relationship between China and USA. Rediker (2009, p. 555-556) challenges America to copy from other well doing countries if they are to survive. He further voices out the deficit in ideology and capital which has facilitated null movement of the US economy, and asks them to swallow their pride by borrowing a leaf from the attested pages of China’s ideologies. This is especially important with the rising concerns of China’s ascendancy in geopolitical standings based on the increased car sales, freight shipment and electricity consumption; thus offering it great financial leverage (Altman, 2009b, p. 7). Nevertheless, other analysts believe that this crisis may lead to a better relationship between China and US. This they believe can be done by Obama administration giving China a more central role in the IMF as well as bringing them to the G8 (Altman, 2009a, p. 528). To them, China ideologies in terms of geopolitical measures are similar to those of the US i. . both do not want Iran to acquire nuclear weapons. Again, both China and US are capitalist in nature and therefore finding a middle ground for a starting a mutual relationship will not be very problematic. Based on such factors, Altman (2009b, p. 7) concludes that â€Å"It is increasingly clear that the US-Chinese relationship will emerge as the most important bilateral one in the world. † As a point of caution, Dibb (2009, p. 3) warns that USA and China should treat one another with respect-if such a deal is struck- or else, dire consequences could erupt in the event of a mass unrest from either ends. Of course there are underlying issues like USA routing for free markets and China supporting a controlled market; which may presumably conflict. However, proponents of better relations between China and US believe that the overall good of the world will supersede such minor differences (Dibb, 2009, p. 4). It is desperate times for US and maybe, that is the reason why they are going for desperate measures. Being into the unchartered waters of financial down-surge, the US has taken stern measures to resuscitate its economy. This is based on the trial and failure of an example is them stopping to spend on discretionary items and are only focusing on only the basics. Through this, they are able to save more and pay down their debts. China has commended this move and said it opens doors for fostering better relationships with other countries (Altman, 2009a, p. 531). In conclusion, hope is not lost even in these difficult times of financial distress. Coincidentally, this crisis coincides with the tenure of Barrack Obama as president and his message of hope even in times of hopelessness. As for now, Atman (2009a, p. 39) say that â€Å"The united states will have to operate from a smaller global platform-while others, especially china, will have a chance to rise faster. † Critics should nevertheless watch for USA’s comeback; their slip does not mean they have fallen (Wright, 2009, p. 556). In fact, this should be a chance for both China and USA to demonstrate good leadership by working together. By doing this, the economic crisis-which not only affects the US and China but also other parts of the world will eventually be a thing of the past (Wright, 2009, p. 566).

Child prostitution in foreign countries

Child prostitution in foreign countries Prostitution refers to the act or practice of offering sexual services to another person in return for payment or other favors. Prostitution is illegal in most countries of the world but is still legal in some countries. Different countries treat prostitution and prostitutes differently and the legality of prostitution activities varies from country to country. In some countries, the governments prohibit prostitution and punish all people caught involved in these activities. In other countries, the governments are committed to abolish prostitution. Some allow prostitution but regulate its activities while in some other countries, there is decriminalization of prostitution and people carry out prostitution activities just like any other job. In any of these cases, prostitution is a crime and is associated with other crimes. Like any other form of prostitution, child prostitution is common in the world and children mostly enter into this business because they are forced by circumstance s or people especially their parents or guardians. Child Sex tourism is also common. In this type of tourism, tourists engage minors of the country they visit in sexual activity. People also traffic children across international borders for purposes of sexual exploitation. Both Child trafficking and sex tourism contribute to child prostitution in foreign countries. About 900, 000 children are trafficked across international borders each year and people hold them in brothels or in other places for sexual exploitation. The problem of sex servitude affects both male and female children. People prefer to practice child prostitution in foreign countries for various reasons. Child prostitution is a world problem that requires both national and international attention. Many factors lead to child prostitution in many countries of the world. These include misery, poverty, unemployment of either the child or the parent, human trafficking, dysfunctional family environment, deception, poor education, AIDS scare, drug abuse and addiction, incest, rape, early exposure of children to sexual activities, and internet. Some governments also use child prostitution through sex tourism to promote tourism thus gain foreign exchange. They do this either directly or indirectly. These governments are those that are struggling economically. They usually assume acts of child prostitution and thus allow this evil act to attract more tourists and boost their tourism industry. Internet and child pornography serves as a major marketing tool that promotes child prostitution. People post on websites the experiences about child sex in different places and the costs involved. They also share child pornography through such websites thus encouraging not only child sex tourism b ut also child trafficking for sexual purposes. Poverty ranks high as a major factor that forces children to be prostitutes. This is common in poor countries affected by poor economies and wavering politics. In this situation, voluntarily becomes prostitutes or their parents force them into prostitution to provide financial needs of the family. This is common in most developing countries. Lack of viable sources to support the rising needs of people in these countries makes the children vulnerable to such exploitation. The families in poverty-stricken areas also become easy targets for procurement agents who are seeking for children to sell them into sexual slavery in brothels or various homes in the world. Child labor in poverty-stricken areas also exposes the children to prostitution. When parents or other agents send children to streets to hawk items, they expose their children, especially female children, to sexual harassment and rape. Human trafficking and deception are other factors that cause child prostitution especially in foreign countries. Human trafficking is a criminal activity in which some people purport to send teenagers to foreign countries to work but end up becoming prostitutes in their new destinations. Some brothel owners or procurement agents sometimes deceive parents by paying them money and promising them that their children will work in domestic chores but these children end up in prostitution. The brothel owners control the childs activities and do everything they can to maintain those who help them earn a lot of money. Sometimes hard times hit and these children are deported back to their countries where they continue with their prostitution activities. Dysfunctional family environments also play an important role in forcing children into prostitution. Such children do not get sufficient parental care and wander around looking for places to find solace. Such children end up in night discos and in other places, which expose them to early involvement in sexual activities. In the end, these children end up trading on their own bodies in order to support themselves. Incest and rape generally changes the childrens outlook in life and make some children to give room for prostitution. Some children become rebellious and defiant of the instructions given by their parents and feel independent. They demand for freedom to do what they want with their bodies. This leads most of them into prostitution. Drug abuse by these children also aggravates the problem by subjecting the children to prostitution and making them compromise situations they cannot when they are in their sound mind. Some children also engage in prostitution due to pleasure and continue in it because of the pleasure they derive from these acts. Criminals organize the sex industry in the world and use children in prostitution for their own gain. The demand of young girls and boys in some countries also contributes to the growth of this problem as more children face trafficking to work in foreign countries as sex slaves. The increasing demand of foreign sex in many people aggravates this problem. Some customers also fear sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS and thus engage children in prostitution believing that they are of low risk. Poor law enforcement in other countries also aggravates this problem. Child prostitution is common in virtually all countries of the world. Pimps, brothels and other criminal networks collaborate to traffic about 900, 000 children across borders for sexual exploitation and servitude every year. This is not only the problem of poor countries but it is common even in rich and developed countries. Sex tourism also combines with child trafficking to make this lucrative business of child prostitution to flourish. People usually employ networks of small groups to carry out activities like recruitment, transportation, advertising and retail of trafficked children for the purposes of sex exploitation in foreign countries. These groups often achieve major success because they require little capital to start up and prosecution by the countries involved is relatively rare. The major sources and destinations of sex tourism and child trafficking for sexual exploitation in foreign countries include Thailand, Japan, Israel, China, Belgium, Germany, Bulgaria, Netherla nds, Nigeria, Italy, Brazil and Ukraine among others. Of these countries, Thailand and Brazil are the leading in perpetuating the business of child prostitution. Even though prostitution and child sex exploitation is illegal in Brazil, from 200, 000 to 2 million children aged between eight and sixteen years are forced into prostitution in this country (Charles, 2010). The children involved in prostitution face many challenges and there are many effects associated with this child prostitution. Mostly, the pimps and brothel operators direct the activities of these children and they do not give them freedom of choice. This makes the children to work against their wishes. They also rarely give these children rest from their work. The pimps also give the children little food and this coupled with the high amount of work they do makes these children weak and sometimes may lead to death of the children. Child prostitution is also economically unsound and causes the child moral and physical harm as well as psychological trauma. Those who use children in prostitution activities usually do not well address their health issues. The children also risk attack from many sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS, syphilis, meningitis, anemia, tuberculosis, and others. This further weakens the health of these children and some lead to their death. Because child prostitution is an illegal business, some brothel owners or pimps fear taking the children to hospitals for treatment or regular checkups. In case they suspect a disease in any of the children, these brothel owners employ quark doctors who sometimes prescribe wrong medication for these children. As a result, the children live with a load of diseases and other health disorders, which give them problems throughout their lives. Such children especially girls are forced to enter into early child bearing and sometimes, family responsibilities. This makes those schooling to drop out of school and thus become less equipped for the labor market (Ringold, 2000). The gi rls used in child prostitution are forces to carry out frequent abortions. Unqualified doctors who also use poor methods and equipment in wrong environments often carry out these abortions. This further endangers the life of the child and deteriorates the childs health. Child prostitution also causes a lot of psychological and emotional stress to the children involved in these practices. Children in this case lose their self-esteem and give up in life. Some of the children get permanent physical damage, which they unwillingly live with. Such children do not have any confidence to engage in any other work except crime related jobs. Child prostitution is also associated with other crimes like drug trafficking and abortions. The more they get involved in other crimes, the more their morals deteriorate. They live in constant fear of raids by people and the police. Thailand has the worst record of child prostitution in the world. Even though prostitution is illegal in this country, it still takes place publicly or privately and sometimes the government regulates it. Large international criminal syndicates traffic children from other countries to Thailand and/or sends some children to other countries to work as prostitutes. Sex tourism in Thailand also contributes substantially to the problem of child prostitution. People coerce children from the age of 10 years into prostitution or some parents sell their own children into sex slavery knowingly or unknowingly. (Sorajjakool, 2003; Pusurinkham, n.d.). Poverty plays a major role in engaging minors into prostitution in Thailand. The children used in prostitution in this country come from Burma, Cambodia, Laos, China, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Thailand also traffics children to Japan, Malaysia, Australia, Europe, Canada, South Africa, Singapore and Bahrain for sexual exploitation. The children are kep t in brothels, which are sometimes surrounded by electric fence thus making it hard for the children to escape. Pimps give the girls harsh treatment and brutally beat those who are not cooperative sometimes to death. Ending child prostitution in Thailand has been a challenge because of lack of commitment from most of the stakeholders and the Thai government. Currently, having sex with girls below fifteen years of age is illegal under Thai law. However, child prostitution still exists in Thailand due to corruption of the government and political leaders. This issue makes the government and political systems to overlook or minimize the problem of child prostitution. The offenders often bribe police officers and politicians to protect them against prosecution. Even though this is the case, the government is striving to do away with child prostitution. It is doing this in association with nongovernmental organizations and other international organizations. The concern is to end sex tourism in Thailand and prevent child trafficking both into and out of the country for purposes of sexual exploitation and servitude. Brazil, China, Nigeria and Zimbabwe also have notable cases of child prostitution in foreign countries. These are destinations for child trafficking as well as sources of children trafficked to other countries for sexual exploitation. Sex tourists also find these destinations appropriate for their activities. Child prostitution in most countries of the world is illegal but still there are many instances of child sex molestation. Most governments are committed to end this problem of child prostitution both in their countries and in foreign countries. There are also many of non-governmental organizations and international organizations involved in reducing the practices of child prostitution in the world. These organizations include End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism (ECPAT), the International Labor Organization (ILO), the World Tourism Organization, and the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) among many other international, regional and national organizations. ECPAT is an international organization based in Thailand. This organization was founded in 1991 with the goal of eradicating child prostitution in the world. The organizations plan is to persuade governments to enact laws to protect children against both local and international prostitution. After the governments have enacted these laws, ECPAT then ensures that these governments enforce these laws. The organization also persuades parents through their local leaders not to sell their children into prostitution (Hancock, n.d). It also discourages sex tourism and convinces governments to accept extra-territorial laws that allow prosecution of foreign citizens who sexually abuse minors in the country where they commit the offence. This means that sex tourists who use children in any foreign country will face judgment in the country where they commit the crime while they are on their tour. Some other human rights organizations gives information to parents in poor, rural areas about the tr ibulations and molestations the children go through in the places they sell them. They do this by use of photos, videos, and/or radios. This is what takes place in Thailand. UNICEF is a United Nations organization concerned with the welfare of children. The organization works in many countries to help vulnerable children grow to early adulthood without many avoidable problems. The organization sometimes works with other NGOs in some countries to help it achieve its goals. UNICEF through its conventions sets principles and guidelines for countries to follow in combating child prostitution. The organization then asks and helps countries to commit to their action plans in protecting children. They do this regionally or in individual countries. For example, UNICEFs second World Congress against Commercial Exploitation of Children set out guidelines and some countries made commitments to develop national plans of action against commercial sexual exploitation of children. A number of countries in the Eastern and Central African region made commitments to this strategy. These countries include Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Madagascar, Mozambique, Seychelles, South A frica, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Lesotho, Mauritius and Angola (UNICEF, 2001). Many of these countries face the problem of child prostitution both in the local countries and in foreign countries. Taking an example of Kenya, this country committed itself to the development of a national plan of action on commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC). Through this commitment, the country has formulated policies, programs and activities to help it to achieve the goal (UNICEF, 2001). This has made the country to engage NGOs in the fight against child molestation and sexual exploitation. The NGOs have involved children in the production of drama on child sexual abuse to raise awareness about this issue. The country has also formed the children department in one of its ministries to protect children. The new constitution of that country has comprehensively covered and clearly outlined the rights of children. The countrys government with the help of children rights groups has established strong regional co-operation with other countries. This is helping in checking child prostitution in foreign countries in this region and the world at large. In conclusion, child prostitution is a common problem in many countries of the world. In this practice, the children engage in sexual activity for monetary gain especially by the adults who either are their parents or their caretakers. Some children enter into prostitution due to the hard situations they face while others ere sold into sexual servitude by their parents either consciously or unconsciously. Child prostitution in foreign countries is also a common practice. People do this through sex tourism and child trafficking. Most people practice child prostitution in foreign countries either because they want to avoid the laws of their countries by breaking law in foreign countries or because they misunderstand the people of the countries that they visit. Child prostitution is a multi billion business in the world that leads to wastage of many childrens lives. In some countries, cultural practices contribute to the involvement of children in prostitution. Large and small criminal groups arrange for Trans boundary transfer of children and clients involved in child prostitution. Even though many human rights groups are against this immoral behavior, some governments have not fully committed themselves to eradicating this problem from their countries. Still there is much demand of foreign children for sex in some countries making the business of child trafficking and sex tourism to flourish. In whichever the case, children prostitution is a criminal offence and all people and especially governments need to fight to eradicate this problem from the society.